Glucosamine 

Glucosamine, a building block for articular cartilage, is naturally sugar-synthesized from glucose by the major cells of the cartilage called chondrocytes. It produces larger molecules called “glycosaminoglycans” (GAG) and “proteoglycans,” which are the main constituent of the cartilage matrix. Together with its metabolites, glucosamine plays essential role as a building material for tendons and ligaments. It’s also included in the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, an essential component of the joint fluid. There are several forms of glucosamine, including glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetyl glucosamine, and they aren't considered interchangeable. Until now, glucosamine sulfate has been most thoroughly researched by scientists.

Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer that naturally occurs in our bodies, where it binds with water. It’s an important structural component of the fluids surrounding the joints. Apart from being a building element of the cartilage and because has the capacity to hold water, this macromolecule gives the synovial fluid its lubricating properties. The most abundant amounts of HA are found in our skin, connective tissue, and eyes. 

Boron

Boron is a mineral that is available through plants in our diet. The boron we take is mostly in the form of hydrolyzed boric acids. Boron is involved in metabolism of key vitamins and minerals, like calcium and Vitamin D, which has a key role in bone health.

Cissus quadrangularis Linn 

Cissus quadrangularis Linn. is a traditional Ayurvedic herb used in many Asiatic countries with well-documented effects. Our extract provides high concentration of ketosterones. Cissus consists of flavonoids, triterpenoids, vitamin C, iridoids and phytosterols like β- sitosterol and calcium.  

Boswellia 

Boswellia, also known as “Indian frankincense,” is a branching tree found in the dry hilly areas of India and Pakistan. When its trunk is tapped, a gummy oleoresin is exuded, which is a mixture of essential oils and resins. The resinous fraction is mainly composed of triterpenes and constitutes about 55% of the substance. It is represented by a mixture of pentacyclic triterpenes derived from boswellic acid and tetracyclic acryterpenes, beta-stentosterol and some flofabens. Small amounts of essential oils are present.
In modern times, Boswellia serrata is commonly used in food supplements. It contains 4 major boswellic acids β-boswellic acid (BA), acetyl-β-boswellic acid (ABA), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA), 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA).